Cro-Magnon

Introduction
Cro-Magnon is a name that has been used to describe the first early modern Humans (early Homo sapiens sapiens). The earliest known remains of Cro-Magnon-like humans are known to appear in the fossil record more that 43,000-years before present. As such they are considered to be the youngest branch of Humanity and the most recent to go extinct.

Unknown until the modern era was that Cro-Magnon are the hybridization of the ancient Primus Humans and First Civilization. Because of their inbreeding with Kobolian members of the Thirteenth Tribe, they became one of the modern progenitors of Humans.

Biology
Cro-Magnons were robustly built and powerful, their body's generally heavy and solid with a strong musculature. The forehead was fairly straight rather than sloping like in Neanderthals, and with only slight brow-ridges. The face was short and wide. Like other modern humans, Cro-Magnons had a prominent chin. The brain capacity was about 1,600 cubic centimetres, larger than the average for modern humans.

Culture
The flint tools found in association with the remains at Cro-Magnon have associations with the Aurignacian culture. The Aurignacian differ from the earlier cultures by their finely worked bone or antler points and flint points made for hafting, the production of Venus figurines and cave painting. They pierced bones, shells and teeth to make body ornaments.

Like Neanderthals, the Cro-Magnons were primarily big-game hunters, killing mammoth, cave bears, horses and reindeer. They hunted with spears and with javelins and atlatl. Bow and arrow had not yet been invented.

They would have been nomadic or semi-nomadic, following the annual migration of their prey but were less carnivorous than Neanderthals and also ate plant materials.

Finds of spun, dyed, and knotted flax fibers among Cro-Magnon artifacts show they made cords for hafting stone tools, weaving baskets, or sewing garments, and suggest that they knew how to make woven clothing. Apart from the mammoth bone huts, they constructed shelter of rocks, clay, branches, and animal hide/fur. These early Humans used manganese and iron oxides to paint pictures and may have created one early lunar calendar around 15,000 years ago.

History
Anatomically modern Humans first emerged in East Africa, some 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. An exodus from Africa over the Arabian Peninsula around 60,000 years ago brought modern Humans to Eurasia, with one group rapidly settling coastal areas around the Indian Ocean and one group migrating north to steppes of Central Asia.

A mitochondrial DNA sequence of two Cro-Magnons from the Paglicci Cave, Italy, dated to 23,000 and 24,000 years old, identified the mtDNA as Haplogroup N, typical of the latter group. The inland group is the founder of North and East Asians (the "Mongol" people), Caucasoids and large sections of the Middle East and North African population. Migration from the Black Sea area into Europe started some 45,000 years ago, probably along the Danubian Corridor. By 20,000 years ago, modern humans had reached the western margin of the continent.

Territory

 * Earth